Basic understanding of stress cracking in hdpe products. The product is classified as pe 100 and provides excellent environmental stress crack resistance properties escr combined with very good long term hydrostatic strength. Environmental stress crack resistance escr testing of plastics. Grace hsuan, jy zhang and wk wong department of civil, architectural and environmental engineering, drexel university, philadelphia, usa abstract the 100year stress crack resistance scr of corrugated hdpe pipes was evaluated using a 600 mm diameter pipe. Stress cracking sc is an external or internal cracking in plastic induced by.
For improved chemical resistance, please consider lexan margard mr5e polycarbonate sheet buy online at uk. The definition of stress cracking according to astm d883 is an external or internal crack in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its shortterm mechanical. Technical note stress crack resistance for geomembrane products the stress crack resistance scr of polyethylene pe geomembranes has been the subject of study since the introduction of the materials over 20 years ago. Technical note stress crack resistance for geomembrane products.
The scr tests were performed on the finished pipe at the liner and junction locations. Pdf stress cracking resistance of hdpe geomembranes with very. It is important to note that escr is extremely sensitive to temperature. Hdpe has greater stiffness, rigidity, heat resistance, and increased resistance to permeability than ldpe. Slow crack resistance, often estimated by environmental stress crack resistance escr tests, is an important performance parameter for different applications of hdpe, from the blow moulding segment like bottles and containers up to the highly demanding applications like water and gas pipes. Increasing the molecular weight of the material increasing the lengths of the molecular chains can improve stress crack resistance but this. Ldpe is characterized by its good toughness and flexibility. Hdpe s5801 is a natural colored grade produced with the latest mitsui cx slurry polymerization technology exhibiting following features. Hdpe 5502 is a pellet grade and contains antioxidants. Escr problems get more pronounced in the summer, because of several factors related to increased heat and humidity. The notched constant ligament stress ncls test astm 2163 was used for the pipe liner assessment. The definition of stress cracking according to astm d 883 is an external or internal crack in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its shortterm. Hdpes are classified as either homopolymers which are stiffer, and copolymers which are more stress crack resistant.
Exxonmobil highdensity polyethylene hdpe resins combine toughness and stiffness with resistance to environmental stress cracking at elevated temperatures and warping. The stress cracking is more severe with detergent, bleach, motor oil and some industrial chemical packaging. Experimental study of stress cracking in high density polyethylene pipes a thesis submitted to the faculty of drexel university by jingyu zhang. Tel 610 522 drexel fax 610 5228441 geosynthetic institute. Hdpe possesses excellent impact strength and stress crack resistance in addition to chemical and corrosion resistance. Highdensity polyethylene hdpe has excellent heat resistance and cold resistance, good chemical stability and high rigidity.
Properties of lldpe are different from those of conventional ldpe and hdpe. Some performance evaluation tests that once took only days to run now take months with todays. Strain hardening modulus as a measure of environmental stress crack resistance of high density polyethylene l. The stress cracking is defined as an internal or external cracking in a plastic sheet caused by tensile stress below the short term mechanical. Experimental study of stress cracking in high density polyethylene. These hdpe resins can be used in blowmolded bottles for everything from milk and pharmaceuticals to automotive fluids and agricultural chemicals. Ldpe has exceptional environmental stress crack resistance properties. A guide to chemical resistance of polycarbonate sheet. High density polyethylene cope plastics abrasion resistance. Since variance of any of these factors can change the environmental stresscrack resistance of the container, the test results are representative only of a given test performed under defined conditions in. Crackgrowth data generated on polyethylene suggests that for every 7c increase in temperature, the crackgrowth rate is doubled. On this basis, bl3 has the least molecular weight and its crystallinity is higher than two other hdpe. Slow crack resistance in polyethylene has been reported extensively in the literature 19,19.
Environmental stress crack resistance of polyethylene. High density polyethylene hdpe sheets grafix plastics. Hdpe 5502 is a high density polyethylene hdpe with good compromise between stiffness and environmental stress crack resistance escr. Stress cracking is defined in astm d883 as an external or internal crack in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short term mechanical strength. Hdpe, like steel, is a semicrystalline material, with no crystals in the melted state. Some copolymers of ldpe are available with improved stresscrack resistance. High density polyethylene hdpe boards suppliers uhmwpe sheets. Enhancing the environmental stress crack resistance of hdpe. Hdpe high density polyethylene sheet san diego plastics. F2618 standard test method for notched, constant ligamentstress ncls test to determine slowcrackgrowth resistance of hdpe resins or hdpe corrugated pipe notched constant ligament stress test corrugated pipes crack growth slowcrack growth resistance plastic pipes. Dk plastics midwest plastic sheet extruder and theromformer. Crack resistance escr of high density polyethylene hdpe. Environmental stress cracking escr is the formation of cracks in a part when. It is completely optional in this regard and can be superseded by other existing or new guides on the subject matter in whole or in part.
The stress crack resistance of hdpe geomembrane sheet. Cost effectiveness superior corrosion resistance high stress crack resistance moisture resistance hdpe wear and abrasion. Environmental stress cracking resistance of polyethylene. Proteus hdpe has great chemcial resistance, impact strength, and is easily welded. Hdpe boards dielectric properties and environmental stress crack resistance are also good. High density polyethylene hdpe sheets a member of the polyolefin family, polyethylene hdpe is recognized as being extremely environmentallyfriendly. Hdpes are classified as either homopolymers which are stiffer, and copolymers which are more stresscrack resistant. This resin is ideally suited for applications that require the optimum balance of stiffness, processability and surface appearance. Additionally, polypropylene plastic is frequently used in semiconductor and chemical industries due to its superior durability in corrosive environments. Other common plastic materials used for piping include. Exxonmobil hdpe hd 8760 series high density polyethylene resin product description hd 8760 is a high density hexene copolymer designed to offer outstanding stiffness and processability. Environmental stress crack resistance of polyethylene ineos. One of the fastest growing plastics today is linear lowdensity polyethylene lldpe, used mainly in film applications but also suitable for injection, rotational and blow molding. Wetting agents, such as detergents, accelerate stress cracking.
Environmental stress crack resistance of polyethylene introduction to environmental stress cracking and escr over the past decade, highdensity polyethylene hdpe materials have improved significantly and now meet more stringent performance standards. Corrugated highdensity polyethylene hdpe pipe 36 in. Highdensity polyethylene plastic sheet has good heat resistance and cold resistance, good chemical stability, high rigidity and toughness, and good mechanical strength. The stress crack resistance of hdpe geomembrane sheet this guide was developed by the geosynthetic research institute gri with the cooperation of the member organizations for general use by the public. Hdpe technical data high density polyethylene, shore d hardness, physical properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, thermal properties. These hdpe resins can be used in blowmolded bottles for everything from milk and pharmaceuticals to automotive fluids. High density, hdpe, is produced by packing molecules more closely together. Hdpe high density polyethylene typical properties hdpe sheets.
Experimental study of stress cracking in high density. After the addition of carbon black required for uv resistance the density of the manufactured polyethylene sheet is 940 kgm3. Standard test method for environmental stresscrack. Technical note stress crack resistance for geomembrane. Environmental stress crack resistance of polyethylene under. Effect of molecular structure parameters on crystallinity. Their outstanding chemical resistance, wide temperature range capability, and economy, position these materials for use in applications ranging from orthotic devices to chute liners, bearing pads, bushings, etc. It has very high impact strength resistance and excellent processability. Strain hardening modulus as a measure of environmental. Stress cracking behavior of hope geomembranes and its prevention. According to astm d883, stress cracking is defined as an external or internal crack in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its shortterm mechanical strength.
Geomembrane stress cracking resistance depending on the. Sheet goods 4 x 8 plastic sheets sheet pile plastic. High density polyethylene hdpe hdpe is well suited for applications where a greater tensile and compression strength is needed. Stress cracking behavior of hope geomembranes and its. It is ideally suited for the manufacture of chemical resistant products and products which come in direct contact with foodstuffs. Soft, flexible copolymer with lowtemperature toughness, and stresscrack resistance 3 hdpe easy to fabricate, durable, lightweight, low cost plastic material 5 high impact polystyrene orfitrans stiff tough plastic material that is easy to thermoform and fabricate 6 kydex thermoplastic sheet. Environmental stress crack resistance service temperatures up to 60c 140f is highly resistant to a wide variety of rather reactive cracking of escr is carried out on molded specimens 18 in. Environmental stress cracking an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf stress cracking resistance of hdpe geomembranes with. High density polyethylene hdpe sheet can be susceptible to a phenomenon known as environmental stress cracking esc. Environment stress cracking of hdpe products is quite common due to its semi crystalline nature which gets attacked due to chemicals present in the environment. Custom sizes available, call us for options and minimums.
Polypropylene plastic sheets are the choice plastic for containers due to its easy manufacturability, impact resistance, and low cost. Hitec is a high impact, high density polyethylene sheet. It is a materials with great toughness and good mechanical strength. Other common plastic materials used for piping include polyvinyl chloride pvc, polypropylene pp, polybutylene pb and acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene abs. The 100year stress crack resistance scr of corrugated hdpe pipes was evaluated using a 600 mm diameter pipe. Because parts made with vistamaxx enhanced hdpe are tougher than those made with pure hdpe, they are less likely to fail through environmental stress cracking. Moldedin stress can be another contributor to stresscracking. It has been specifically designed for the manufacture of blow molded packaging for household, industrial and cosmetics liquids.
The escr of polyethylene, one of the most widely used plastic materials, is of particular concern in the plastics industry and is the subject of this investigation. A materials resistance against this type of failure is called environmental stress cracking resistance escr. Ldpe sheets have very good formability traits and also corrosion resistant, chemical resistant and low moisture absorption. Hdpe highdensity polyethylene sheets offer excellent impact resistance, light weight, low moisture absorption, and high tensile strength. They feature various combinations of stiffness and toughness. Hdpe sheets stressrelieved s r these sheets have gone through an additional annealing process to reduce stress. Impact and environmental stress crack resistance escr. It is also available with a textured surface commonly used as cutting board, tradenamed sanalite. Environmental stress cracking may account for around 1530% of all plastic. Strain hardening modulus as a measure of environmental stress. Such polyethylene sheets are known as environmental stress crack resistant grade escr grade polyethylene, and their datasheets have test values of escr performance. It is well known from the pipe and cable insulation industries that pe can stress crack over long periods of time.
The fracture surfaces of stresscrack failures in igepal and in the lack of any accelerating environment are very similar see figure 3. Dielectric properties and environmental stress crack resistance are also good. It is one of the most common causes of unexpected brittle failure in thermoplastic. Consequently, the resistance of this hdpe against crack growth has been lowest. Astm f26 18 standard test method for notched, constant. Besides, the number of tie molecules in this sample is less than two other ones which resulted in showing less strength under stress. Environmental stress cracking esc is one of the most common causes of unexpected brittle failure of thermoplastic especially amorphous polymers known at present. Polyethylene, including hdpe sheets, requires few natural resources to produce, generates minimal waste products, and is widely recycled. A slightly less crystalline hdpe will have better crack resistance, and density is a direct measure of crystallinity. A new index test method, the notched constant tensile load nctl test, for evaluating highdensity polyethylene hdpe geomembranes regarding stress cracking resistance is presented in this paper. Hdpehdpp highdensity polyethylene and highdensity polypropylene is also nontoxic and nonstaining. Nationwides selection of ldpe sheets, rods and tubes are unmatched. According to astm d883, stress cracking is defined as an external or internal crack in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its shortterm mechanical. Some copolymers of ldpe are available with improved stress crack resistance.
Environmental stress crack resistance of hdpe abg geosynthetics. This is the classical location of a stresscrack failure fig. All manufacturers of hdpe geomembranes as well as resin suppliers, consultants, test organizations, owners, operators and regulators use the above recommendations, i. A new index test method, the notched constant tensile load nctl test, for evaluating highdensity polyethylene hdpe geomembranes regarding stresscracking resistance is presented in this paper. Sc is a crack in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its shorttime mechanical strength in case. The amount of crystalline content in the container depends on the rate of cooling. Environmental stress cracking is a physical phenomenon that is initiated as a slow surface crack. Deblieckb amaterial development department, sabiceuropetrochemicals, research and development, oude postbaan 1, p.